{"id":102,"date":"2021-07-13T11:19:00","date_gmt":"2021-07-13T11:19:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/zi-deschisa.ro\/fzd\/?p=102"},"modified":"2021-08-05T11:19:55","modified_gmt":"2021-08-05T11:19:55","slug":"imagine-de-ansamblu-a-sistemului-de-educatie-si-formare-profesionala","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zi-deschisa.ro\/fzd\/index.php\/2021\/07\/13\/imagine-de-ansamblu-a-sistemului-de-educatie-si-formare-profesionala\/","title":{"rendered":"Imagine de ansamblu a sistemului de educa\u0163ie \u015fi formare profesional\u0103"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Constitu\u0163ia garanteaz\u0103 c\u0103 \u00eenv\u0103\u0163\u0103m\u00e2ntul public, inclusiv ter\u0163iar este gratuit. Obiectivele generale, \u0163intele, principiile, structura \u015fi organizarea sistemului de educa\u0163ie \u015fi formare profesional\u0103 sunt descrise \u00een Legea Educa\u0163iei Na\u0163ionale (2011). Aceasta define\u015fte urm\u0103toarele niveluri de \u00eenv\u0103\u0163\u0103m\u00e2nt:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Educa\u0163ia timpurie (v\u00e2rsta 0-6 ani):<ul><li>nivelul antepre\u015fcolar (v\u00e2rsta 0-3 ani);<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>\u00eenv\u0103\u0163\u0103m\u00e2nt pre\u015fcolar (v\u00e2rsta 3-6 ani);<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li>\u00cenv\u0103\u0163\u0103m\u00e2nt primar (ISCED 1):<ul><li>clasa preg\u0103titoare (v\u00e2rsta 6-7 ani);<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>clasele 1 &#8211; 4;<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li>\u00cenv\u0103\u0163\u0103m\u00e2nt secundar:<ul><li>\u00eenv\u0103\u0163\u0103m\u00e2nt secundar inferior (ISCED 2, clasele 5 &#8211; 8), denumit de asemenea \u201e<em>gimnaziu<\/em>\u201d;<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>\u00eenv\u0103\u0163\u0103m\u00e2nt secundar superior (ISCED 3), ce con\u0163ine:<ul><li>\u00eenv\u0103\u0163\u0103m\u00e2nt cu durata de patru ani, filiera teoretic\u0103, voca\u0163ional\u0103 \u015fi tehnologic\u0103 (clasele 9 &#8211; 12) (<sup>34<\/sup>), care ofer\u0103 acces la \u00eenv\u0103\u0163\u0103m\u00e2ntul superior;<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>\u00eenv\u0103\u0163\u0103m\u00e2nt profesional cu durata de trei ani (numit la nivel na\u0163ional<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201e\u00eenv\u0103\u0163\u0103m\u00e2nt profesional\u201d \u015fi care poate fi oferit \u015fi sub forma de \u00eenv\u0103\u0163\u0103m\u00e2nt dual);<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>stagiu de preg\u0103tire practic\u0103 (720 de ore de formare practic\u0103);<\/li><li>\u00eenv\u0103\u0163\u0103m\u00e2nt ter\u0163iar nonuniversitar (ISCED 4, \u201e<em>\u00eenv\u0103\u0163\u0103m\u00e2nt postliceal\u201d<\/em>);<\/li><li>\u00eenv\u0103\u0163\u0103m\u00e2nt superior (ISCED 5-8).<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00cenv\u0103\u0163\u0103m\u00e2ntul primar, cel secundar inferior \u015fi primii doi ani (clasele a 9-a \u015fi a 10-a) din \u00eenv\u0103\u0163\u0103m\u00e2ntul secundar superior sunt obligatorii (11 ani \u00een total). Dup\u0103 absolvirea \u00eenv\u0103\u0163\u0103m\u00e2ntului secundar inferior (<em>gimnaziu<\/em>), elevii \u00ee\u015fi continu\u0103 studiile \u00een \u00eenv\u0103\u0163\u0103m\u00e2ntul secundar superior: filiera teoretic\u0103, voca\u0163ional\u0103, tehnologic\u0103 sau \u00eenv\u0103\u0163\u0103m\u00e2nt profesional. Pentru \u00eenscriere, elevii trebuie s\u0103 prezinte media notelor ob\u0163inute la matematic\u0103 \u015fi limba rom\u00e2n\u0103 din cadrul Evalu\u0103rii Na\u0163ionale, la sf\u00e2r\u015fitul clasei a 8-a, diploma de absolvire a \u00eenv\u0103\u0163\u0103m\u00e2ntului secundar inferior \u015fi foaia matricol\u0103 cu mediile finale la toate materiile. Examenele na\u0163ionale cuprind limba \u015fi literatura rom\u00e2n\u0103, limba matern\u0103 (\u00een cazul \u00een care este diferit\u0103 de limba rom\u00e2n\u0103) \u015fi matematic\u0103. \u00cen cazul \u00een care num\u0103rul de locuri oferite este mai mic dec\u00e2t num\u0103rul de cereri ale absolven\u0163ilor de gimnaziu, \u015fcolile de \u00eenv\u0103\u0163\u0103m\u00e2nt profesional pot organiza examene de admitere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00cenv\u0103\u0163\u0103m\u00e2ntul superior nu cuprinde programe de \u00eenv\u0103\u0163\u0103m\u00e2nt profesional. Cu toate acestea, unele programe de licen\u0163\u0103 \u015fi master sunt mai orientate spre practic\u0103\/tehnic dec\u00e2t altele. Pentru \u00eenscrierea \u00een \u00eenv\u0103\u0163\u0103m\u00e2ntul superior to\u0163i absolven\u0163ii de \u00eenv\u0103\u0163\u0103m\u00e2nt secundar superior trebuie s\u0103 promoveze examenul de bacalaureat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Minorit\u0103\u0163ile etnice au dreptul de a studia \u00een limba matern\u0103 \u00een toate tipurile, formele \u015fi nivelurile de \u00eenv\u0103\u0163\u0103m\u00e2nt (inclusiv ter\u0163iar). \u00cenv\u0103\u0163\u0103m\u00e2ntul pentru persoane cu nevoi speciale este asigurat pe baza tipului \u015fi gradului de nevoi identificate, fie \u00een \u015fcoli destinate \u00eenv\u0103\u0163\u0103m\u00e2ntului \u00een general, fie \u00een \u015fcoli specializate. Comisiile \u015fcolare pot decide s\u0103 asigure activit\u0103\u0163i dup\u0103 ore (programul <em>\u0218coal\u0103 dup\u0103 \u015fcoal\u0103<\/em>). Educa\u0163ia \u015fi formarea profesional\u0103 private sunt organizate de institu\u0163ii de \u00eenv\u0103\u0163\u0103m\u00e2nt non- profit, la toate nivelurile \u015fi sub toate formele, conform legisla\u0163iei actuale.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Constitu\u0163ia garanteaz\u0103 c\u0103 \u00eenv\u0103\u0163\u0103m\u00e2ntul public, inclusiv ter\u0163iar este gratuit. Obiectivele generale, \u0163intele, principiile, structura \u015fi organizarea sistemului de educa\u0163ie \u015fi formare profesional\u0103 sunt descrise \u00een Legea Educa\u0163iei Na\u0163ionale (2011). Aceasta define\u015fte urm\u0103toarele niveluri de \u00eenv\u0103\u0163\u0103m\u00e2nt: Educa\u0163ia timpurie (v\u00e2rsta 0-6 ani): nivelul antepre\u015fcolar (v\u00e2rsta 0-3 ani); \u00eenv\u0103\u0163\u0103m\u00e2nt pre\u015fcolar (v\u00e2rsta 3-6 ani); \u00cenv\u0103\u0163\u0103m\u00e2nt primar (ISCED 1): clasa&hellip; <a class=\"more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/zi-deschisa.ro\/fzd\/index.php\/2021\/07\/13\/imagine-de-ansamblu-a-sistemului-de-educatie-si-formare-profesionala\/\">Continue reading <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Imagine de ansamblu a sistemului de educa\u0163ie \u015fi formare profesional\u0103<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-102","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized","entry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zi-deschisa.ro\/fzd\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/102","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zi-deschisa.ro\/fzd\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zi-deschisa.ro\/fzd\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zi-deschisa.ro\/fzd\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zi-deschisa.ro\/fzd\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=102"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/zi-deschisa.ro\/fzd\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/102\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":103,"href":"https:\/\/zi-deschisa.ro\/fzd\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/102\/revisions\/103"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zi-deschisa.ro\/fzd\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=102"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zi-deschisa.ro\/fzd\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=102"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zi-deschisa.ro\/fzd\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=102"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}